"Feathers" is a colloquial name for the cryptocurrency Feathercoin, one of the early alternative coins (altcoins), based on the Scrypt hashing algorithm.
Premining (premine) is the mining of part of the coins by a cryptocurrency's creators before its public launch. It can be used transparently to fund the project or serve as a tool for abuse and manipulation.
A block reward is the reward a miner receives for successfully creating a new block in the blockchain. It consists of an issuance part and transaction fees and decreases periodically.
A nonce is a variable number that miners substitute when hashing a block. By going through nonce values, they search for a hash that satisfies the target set by the network's difficulty.
Mining is the process of supporting the operation of a blockchain by solving computational tasks, for which participants receive a reward in coins. The issuance of many cryptocurrencies is based on it.
Instamine is an unfair distribution of coins at the very earliest stage of a project's launch, when a large share of the issuance ends up with a narrow circle of participants. This undermines trust in the currency.
Proof of Stake is a consensus algorithm in which the right to create blocks depends on the number of coins locked by a participant rather than on computing power.
Proof of Work is a consensus algorithm in which the right to add a block and receive a reward depends on the amount of computational work done to find a hash.
Proof of Activity is a hybrid consensus algorithm that combines the Proof of Work and Proof of Stake mechanisms to increase the security and resilience of the network.