Proof of Capacity is a consensus algorithm in which miners use free space on storage drives instead of energy-intensive computations, which makes mining coins cheaper and more environmentally friendly.

An orphan block is a correctly or incorrectly formed block that the network ultimately rejected and did not include in the main chain. It does not make it into the blockchain's overall transaction history.

A block reward is the payment a miner receives for a successfully created block of transactions added to the blockchain. It consists of new coins and transaction fees.

Gigahashes/sec (Gigahashes/sec, GH/s) is a unit measuring the computing power of mining hardware. It shows how many billions of hash operations a device performs in one second.

A graphics processing unit (GPU) is the computing chip of a graphics card, capable of simultaneously processing many parallel tasks. Thanks to this property, GPUs long remained the main hardware for cryptocurrency mining.