Data partitioning, or sharding, is a way of scaling a blockchain in which the network is divided into segments (shards), and nodes store and process only part of the data, increasing overall throughput.

Pending is the status of a payment or transaction that has been sent but not yet confirmed by the network or the payment system. The funds are, as it were, stuck in an intermediate state and awaiting a final decision.

Peer-to-peer (P2P, "equal to equal") is a model of decentralized interaction in which network participants exchange data and value directly, without a mandatory intermediary.

An ICO platform is a set of software tools and infrastructure that allow a project to prepare and conduct an initial coin offering: issue tokens, raise funds and manage the campaign.

A confirmation is the inclusion of a transaction in a block of the blockchain and the fixing of its validity. The more confirmations a transfer gathers, the more reliably it is considered irreversible.